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Yes. Data centres, networks and devices all use electricity, and making and disposing of hardware adds more, so digital life is tied to energy use and carbon. Gram-level figures for a single action vary widely between studies and system boundaries, so this site only gives rough orders of magnitude as examples. Check the assumptions and limits on the methodology page before relying on any number.

It is an educational tool that applies simplified, representative factors drawn from several public sources. Real emissions can differ a lot depending on the data centre's power source, the network and your device, so please treat results as a rough guide. The assumptions and limits are described on the methodology page.

The main steps are cleaning up email and sync, lowering streaming quality and time, closing unused tabs and apps, deleting duplicate cloud files and keeping devices longer. Step-by-step instructions for each topic are in the guides, and the carbon calculator lets you plug in your own activity.

On OLED screens, yes: dark pixels use less power. On LCD screens the difference may be small. Dark mode can also reduce eye strain and help extend battery life.

Yes. Cloud storage keeps data centres running continuously, which uses electricity and causes emissions. The more data you store and the more often you access it, the more energy it uses. Deleting files you no longer need and removing duplicates helps.

It depends. Online shopping produces emissions from packaging and delivery, but it can replace trips in a private car. Shopping in a store means travelling there, which also produces emissions. What matters most is buying less and only buying what you need.

Yes. Social media involves data transfer, server processing and content storage, all of which cause emissions. Video uses much more data than text or images, so it has a larger footprint. Spending less time on it and uploading less unnecessary content helps.